Typical construction steps for a single-family or small multi-family house are:
Develop floor plans and obtain government building approval if necessary
Clear the building site
Pour a foundation with concrete
Build the main load-bearing structure out of thick pieces of wood and possibly metal I-beams for large spans with few supports. See framing (construction)
Add floor and ceiling joists and install subfloor panels
Cover outer walls and roof in particleboard or plywood and vapor barrier.
Install roof shingles or other covering for flat roof
Cover the walls with siding, typically vinyl or wood, but possibly stone or other materials
Install windows
Frame out interior walls with wooden 2x4s
Add internal plumbing, HVAC, electrical, and natural gas utilities
Building inspector visits if necessary to approve utilities and framing
Install interior drywall panels and fiberglass insulation to make walls and ceilings
Install bathroom fixtures
Spackle, prime, and paint interior walls and ceilings
Additional tiling on top of drywall for wet areas, such as the bathroom and kitchen backsplash
Install final floor covering, such as floor tile, carpet, or wood flooring
Install major appliances
Unless the original owners are building the house, at this point it is typically sold or rented.